Factor out do_request in HTTP transport

[sl0thentr0py]

to support the use case in #2661

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 97.46%. Comparing base (92cb875) to head (cfdee3a).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #2662   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   97.46%   97.46%           
=======================================
  Files         134      134           
  Lines        5167     5169    +2     
=======================================
+ Hits         5036     5038    +2     
  Misses        131      131           

Components	Coverage Δ
sentry-ruby	97.73% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
sentry-rails	96.55% <ø> (ø)
sentry-sidekiq	96.57% <ø> (ø)
sentry-resque	94.44% <ø> (ø)
sentry-delayed_job	94.68% <ø> (ø)
sentry-opentelemetry	99.31% <ø> (ø)

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sentry-ruby/lib/sentry/transport/http_transport.rb	98.18% <100.00%> (+0.03%)	⬆️

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[solnic]

LGTM